Which of the following organizations had a foundational connection to the alleviation of poverty in urban centers?

The Salvation Army is the correct choice because it was specifically established with the mission of providing assistance to the poor and marginalized populations in urban settings. Founded in 1865, it employed a combination of religious outreach, social services, and charitable activities to address the needs of those living in poverty. Their efforts included providing shelter, food, and rehabilitation programs, which were critical in the rapidly industrializing cities during the Gilded Age.

In contrast, while other organizations mentioned also serve important social functions, their primary focus areas differ. The National Woman Suffrage Association primarily aimed at securing voting rights for women, which, while it may indirectly improve social conditions, does not directly target poverty alleviation. The League of Nations was an international organization established after World War I, focusing on preventing conflicts and fostering peace, rather than addressing urban poverty. The American Red Cross, while crucial in disaster relief and emergency response, does not have a foundational connection specifically tied to alleviating urban poverty as its main objective.